Python runs on Windows, Linux/Unix, macOS, OS/2, Amiga, Palm Handhelds, and Nokia mobile phones. The app has also been ported to the Java and.NET virtual machines. The app is distributed under an OSI-approved open source license that makes it free to use, even for commercial products. For me /Applications/Python 3.6/./Install Certificates command fails on pip certifi install. I am on mac High Sierra and use python3 so pip somewhat fails and I have to use pip3 instead. So here what I did: Manually ran pip3 install -update certify in a shell; Remove the install certifi line from the command script.
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Release Date: Dec. 23, 2016
Python 3.6.0 was the initial feature release of Python 3.6.
There are now newer security-fix releases of Python 3.6 that supersede 3.6.0 and Python 3.8 is now the latest feature release of Python 3. Get the latest releases of 3.6.x and 3.8.x here. Python 3.6.8 is planned to be the last bugfix releasefor 3.6.x. Following the release of 3.6.8, we plan to provide security fixes for Python 3.6 as needed through 2021, five years following its initial release.
Among the new major new features in Python 3.6 were:
- PEP 468, Preserving Keyword Argument Order
- PEP 487, Simpler customization of class creation
- PEP 495, Local Time Disambiguation
- PEP 498, Literal String Formatting
- PEP 506, Adding A Secrets Module To The Standard Library
- PEP 509, Add a private version to dict
- PEP 515, Underscores in Numeric Literals
- PEP 519, Adding a file system path protocol
- PEP 520, Preserving Class Attribute Definition Order
- PEP 523, Adding a frame evaluation API to CPython
- PEP 524, Make os.urandom() blocking on Linux (during system startup)
- PEP 525, Asynchronous Generators (provisional)
- PEP 526, Syntax for Variable Annotations (provisional)
- PEP 528, Change Windows console encoding to UTF-8
- PEP 529, Change Windows filesystem encoding to UTF-8
- PEP 530, Asynchronous Comprehensions
- Report bugs at https://bugs.python.org.
- Help fund Python and its community.
Notes on this release
- If you are building Python from source, beware that the OpenSSL 1.1.0c release, the most recent as of this update, is known to cause Python 3.6 test suite failures and its use should be avoided without additional patches. It is expected that the next release of the OpenSSL 1.1.0 series will fix these problems. See http://bugs.python.org/issue28689 for more information.
- Windows users: The binaries for AMD64 will also work on processors that implement the Intel 64 architecture. (Also known as the 'x64' architecture, and formerly known as both 'EM64T' and 'x86-64'.) They will not work on Intel Itanium Processors (formerly 'IA-64').
- Windows users: If installing Python 3.6.0 as a non-privileged user, you may need to escalate to administrator privileges to install an update to your C runtime libraries.
- Windows users: There are now 'web-based' installers for Windows platforms; the installer will download the needed software components at installation time.
- Windows Users: There are redistributable zip files containing the Windows builds, making it easy to redistribute Python as part of another software package. Please see the documentation regarding Embedded Distribution for more information.
- macOS users: If you are using the Python 3.6 from the python.org binary installer linked on this page, please carefully read the Important Information displayed during installation; this information is also available after installation by clicking on /Applications/Python 3.6/ReadMe.rtf. There is important information there about changes in the 3.6.0 installer-supplied Python, particularly with regard to SSL certificate validation.
- macOS users: There is important information about IDLE, Tkinter, and Tcl/Tk on macOS here.
Version | Operating System | Description | MD5 Sum | File Size | GPG |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gzipped source tarball | Source release | 3f7062ccf8be76491884d0e47ac8b251 | 22256403 | SIG | |
XZ compressed source tarball | Source release | 82b143ebbf4514d7e05876bed7a6b1f5 | 16805836 | SIG | |
Mac OS X 64-bit/32-bit installer | Mac OS X | for Mac OS X 10.6 and later | 72acb0175e7622dec7e1b160a43b8c42 | 27442222 | SIG |
Windows help file | Windows | 6a842a15ab3b4aa316c91a9779db82ec | 7940890 | SIG | |
Windows x86-64 embeddable zip file | Windows | for AMD64/EM64T/x64 | 0ec0caeea75bae5d2771cf619917c71f | 6925798 | SIG |
Windows x86-64 executable installer | Windows | for AMD64/EM64T/x64 | 71c9d30c1110abf7f80a428970ab8ec2 | 31505640 | SIG |
Windows x86-64 web-based installer | Windows | for AMD64/EM64T/x64 | 25b8b6c93a098dfade3b014630f9508e | 1312376 | SIG |
Windows x86 embeddable zip file | Windows | 1adf2fb735c5000af32d42c39136727c | 6315855 | SIG | |
Windows x86 executable installer | Windows | 38d9b036b25725f6acb553d4aece4db4 | 30566536 | SIG | |
Windows x86 web-based installer | Windows | f71f4590be2cc5cdc43069594d4ea98d | 1286984 | SIG |
If you are interested in contributing to Matplotlib development,running the latest source code, or just like to build everythingyourself, it is not difficult to build Matplotlib from source. Grabthe latest tar.gz release file from the PyPI files page, or if you want todevelop Matplotlib or just need the latest bugfixed version, grab thelatest git version, and see Install from source.
The standard environment variables
CC
, CXX
,PKG_CONFIG
are respected. This means you can set them if yourtoolchain is prefixed. This may be used for cross compiling.Once you have satisfied the requirements detailed below (mainlyPython, NumPy, libpng and FreeType), you can build Matplotlib.
We provide a setup.cfg file which you can use to customize the buildprocess. For example, which default backend to use, whether some of theoptional libraries that Matplotlib ships with are installed, and so on. Thisfile will be particularly useful to those packaging Matplotlib.
Matplotlib requires the following dependencies:
- Python (>= 3.6)
- FreeType (>= 2.3)
- libpng (>= 1.2)
- NumPy (>= 1.11)
- cycler (>= 0.10.0)
- dateutil (>= 2.1)
- kiwisolver (>= 1.0.0)
Optionally, you can also install a number of packages to enable better userinterface toolkits. See What is a backend? for more details on theoptional Matplotlib backends and the capabilities they provide.
- Tk (>= 8.3, != 8.6.0 or8.6.1): for the Tk-based backends;
- PyQt4 (>= 4.6) orPySide (>= 1.0.3) [1]: for theQt4-based backends;
- PyQt5: for the Qt5-based backends;
- PyGObject: for the GTK3-basedbackends [2];
- wxPython (>= 4) [3]: for the wx-basedbackends;
- cairocffi (>= 0.8) orpycairo: for the cairo-basedbackends;
- Tornado: for the WebAgg backend;
[1] | PySide cannot be pip-installed on Linux (but can be conda-installed). |
[2] | If using pip (and not conda), PyGObject must be built from source; seehttps://pygobject.readthedocs.io/en/latest/devguide/dev_environ.html. |
[3] | If using pip (and not conda) on Linux, wxPython wheels must be manuallydownloaded from https://wxpython.org/pages/downloads/. |
For better support of animation output format and image file formats, LaTeX,etc., you can install the following:
- ffmpeg/avconv: for saving movies;
- ImageMagick: for savinganimated gifs;
- Pillow (>= 3.4): for a largerselection of image file formats: JPEG, BMP, and TIFF image files;
- LaTeX and GhostScript (>=9.0) : for rendering text with LaTeX;
- fontconfig (>= 2.7): for detection of systemfonts on Linux.
Note
Matplotlib depends on non-Python libraries.
On Linux and OSX, pkg-config can be used to find required non-Pythonlibraries and thus make the install go more smoothly if the libraries andheaders are not in the expected locations.
If not using pkg-config (in particular on Windows), you may need to set theinclude path (to the FreeType, libpng, and zlib headers) and link path (tothe FreeType, libpng, and zlib libraries) explicitly, if they are not instandard locations. This can be done using standard environment variables-- on Linux and OSX:
and on Windows:
where
...
means 'also give, in the same format, the directoriescontaining png.h
and zlib.h
for the include path, and forlibpng.so
/png.lib
and libz.so
/z.lib
for the link path.'Note
The following libraries are shipped with Matplotlib:
![Windows Windows](/uploads/1/2/6/5/126567174/452181234.png)
Agg
: the Anti-Grain Geometry C++ rendering engine;qhull
: to compute Delaunay triangulation;ttconv
: a TrueType font utility.
![Download Ssl For Python 3.6 On Macos Download Ssl For Python 3.6 On Macos](/uploads/1/2/6/5/126567174/420851642.png)
It is easiest to use your system package manager to install the dependencies.
If you are on Debian/Ubuntu, you can get all the dependenciesrequired to build Matplotlib with:
If you are on Fedora, you can get all the dependencies required to buildMatplotlib with:
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If you are on RedHat, you can get all the dependencies required to buildMatplotlib by first installing
yum-builddep
and then running:These commands do not build Matplotlib, but instead get and install thebuild dependencies, which will make building from source easier.
The build situation on macOS is complicated by the various places onecan get the libpng and FreeType requirements (MacPorts, Fink,/usr/X11R6), the different architectures (e.g., x86, ppc, universal), andthe different macOS versions (e.g., 10.4 and 10.5). We recommend that you buildthe way we do for the macOS release: get the source from the tarball or thegit repository and install the required dependencies through a third-partypackage manager. Two widely used package managers are Homebrew, and MacPorts.The following example illustrates how to install libpng and FreeType using
brew
:If you are using MacPorts, execute the following instead:
After installing the above requirements, install Matplotlib from source byexecuting:
Note that your environment is somewhat important. Some conda users havefound that, to run the tests, their PYTHONPATH must include/path/to/anaconda/.../site-packages and their DYLD_FALLBACK_LIBRARY_PATHmust include /path/to/anaconda/lib.
The Python shipped from https://www.python.org is compiled with Visual Studio2015 for 3.5+. Python extensions should be compiled with the samecompiler, see e.g.https://packaging.python.org/guides/packaging-binary-extensions/#setting-up-a-build-environment-on-windowsfor how to set up a build environment.
The Windows OS has no canonical package manager to provide easy inclusion of the dependencies that arerequired for the Matplotlib build. However, documentation and scripts that build the FreeType, zlib,and libpng dependencies from source code and integrate them into the Matplotlib build can be foundat matplotlib-winbuild.
There are a few possibilities to build Matplotlib on Windows:
- Wheels via matplotlib-winbuild
- Wheels by using conda packages (see below)
- Conda packages (see below)
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If you are building your own Matplotlib wheels (or sdists), note that any DLLsthat you copy into the source tree will be packaged too.
Note
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The current master branch (which will become matplotlib 3.3) includes its own copy of Qhull; and by default downloads and buildsits own copy of FreeType. The only non-python dependency that you would require is Visual Studio 2015 or later.See https://matplotlib.org/devdocs/users/installing.html#building-on-windows for the instructions on installing from master).
This is a wheel build, but we use conda packages to get all the requirements.The binary requirements (png, FreeType,...) are statically linked and thereforenot needed during the wheel install.
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Set up the conda environment. Note, if you want a qt backend, add
pyqt
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The conda packaging scripts for Matplotlib are available athttps://github.com/conda-forge/matplotlib-feedstock.